Saturday, April 27, 2013

Two Harbors native promotes clean water in Ethiopia | Lake County News Chronicle | Two Harbors, Minnesota

Two Duluthians recently spent a few weeks in Ethiopia, traveling through the southern part of the impoverished African nation to promote clean water and hygiene.
Dr. Bill Himango, who grew up in Two Harbors, and Crystal Taylor, members of Rotary Club 25 of Duluth, traveled to the county for a 2,000-mile tour of villages, homes, orphanages and medical centers.
“It was a heart-wrenching experience,” said Himango, a retired neurosurgeon, adding that his visit made it painfully clear that clean water is an unattainable luxury to many Ethiopians.
The clean water effort has been a major focus for Rotary Club 25 recently. The club has partnered with the Proctor High School DECA club to raise nearly $50,000 for Global Team for Local Initiatives, a nonprofit that serves indigenous people in southern Ethiopia, through several events.
The Boeing Foundation also matched the fundraising with an additional $50,000 grant.
With the funds, GTLI was able to build five new water wells in indigenous communities. Himango and Taylor made the trip to visit the wells and see what their fundraising efforts accomplished.
“Before the wells, these people were getting their water literally from puddles,” said Taylor, the Rotary Club’s public relations chair. “Our streams and creeks are a lot cleaner than where they were getting their drinking water. There’s a lot of bacteria and problems with the water there.”
Himango and Taylor flew into Addis Ababa, the largest city and capital of Ethiopia in late March. They spent several days in the capital before embarking on a trip through the southern part of the county.
There is almost no economy in the country, said Taylor. Very few people have jobs, and those who do make an annual salary equivalent to about $2,000 to $3,000 USD.
Medical centers were overcrowded, with patients literally laying on top of one another sometimes with just one doctor to serve the entire facility, Taylor said. The saddest part of the trip, she said, was a visit to an overcrowded hospital where an entire facility was not being used.
“There was blood on the floor and the whole place smelled of urine,” Taylor said. “Then we went next door and they have brand new equipment, brand new technology, an ICU unit, 20 beds. And none of it was being used.”
Taylor said conditions were much better in medical centers run by private organizations, which are mostly funded by foreign nonprofits.
GTLI was picked as the recipient of the Rotary Club’s fundraising because the organization is helping to improve the lives of Ethiopians, Himango and Taylor said. The organization’s mission is to educate people about hygiene and how to live sustainably.
While in Ethiopia, Himango and Taylor traveled with Lori Pappas, the director of GTLI. Pappas is a Minnesota native, but now spends most of the year in Ethiopia
She realizes the importance of offering information without disrupting the culture, Himango said.
“Lori doesn’t want to throw western culture at them,” he said. Her focus instead is on increasing awareness of potential hygiene problems and providing tools for cleaner, healthier living.
While visiting with Ethiopians, both in the city and the indigenous villages, Himango and Taylor discussed the importance of practices that are taken for granted in America: properly cooking meat, washing hands, brushing teeth and having designated areas for getting water and going to the bathroom.
They also made a presentation to the Addis Ababa Rotary Club, encouraging members to do their own fundraising efforts to improve conditions in Ethiopia.
Himango and Taylor’s trip was a follow-up to about a year’s worth of fundraising efforts. Proctor DECA initiated the clean water project last year before partnering with the Rotary Club.
The first event, an “American Idol” style singing competition between local high schools, raised about $22,000.
In February, the two groups hosted a massive snow angel-making event at the University of Minnesota Duluth. The event fell short of the hoped-for world record, but it helped raise approximately $14,000 for the clean water project.
Still short of the $50,000 goal, rotary members applied for a grant from the rotary district office, and were awarded a matching $14,000.
Calculating expenses and fundraising from each of the events, the club is just shy of the $50,000 mark, Taylor said, although members expect to raise the additional money during their annual dinner and auction in May.
All told, with the Boeing grant, contributions to GTLI are expected to exceed $100,000.
Taylor, who works as public relations specialist at WestmorelandFlint, said the clean water project and trip inspired her to create her own nonprofit. She said she wants to establish an organization to help improve mental and physical health for local children.
“It inspired me to do something sooner rather than later,” she said. “I want to be able to bring back that cultural experience and find ways to give back to our community in a greater way.”

Friday, April 26, 2013

Ethiopia will NOT let 'Renaissance Dam' harm Egypt: Egyptian presidency - Al-Ahram


Ethiopia's plans to store 84 billion cubic metres of Blue Nile water via a new dam should not affect Egypt, says Egyptian presidency spokesperson


Ethiopia will not let its in-construction Renaissance Dam affect Egypt, reported the Arabic-language state news website Al-Ahram, citing the spokesperson of the Egyptian presidency Wednesday.
Dam
File photo: The sun sets over the river Nile in Cairo (Photo: Reuters)

Ehab Fahmy said that if the dam has a negative impact, Ethiopians will "understand the situation and not allow harm to befall Egypt in the light of the historic ties between the two counties and the other Nile Basin countries" .

Fahmy added that the joint committee between Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan tasked with handling the matter did not finalise their mission concerning the impact of the renaissance dam on Egypt’s quota of Nile water.

The committee has been meeting for almost two years to examine the construction plan for the dam, which Ethiopia started building with the intention of storing 84 billion cubic metres of water. The water stored will then generate electricity sufficient for its own use and for exports to neighbouring countries, not excluding Egypt.

The Renaissance Dam is one of four dams analysts say could be built along the Blue Nile, which provides Egypt with about 60 percent of its annual 55 million cubic metres of Nile water.

Egypt and Ethiopia are members of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), a partnership among Nile states aimed at sharing the river's socio-economic benefits and promoting regional security.

Ten countries are involved in the initiative: Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Source: ahram.org

Thursday, April 25, 2013

Egypt Military Gears For Water War -Middle East Newsline


Egypt’s military, financed by the United States, has been preparing for what could be a war for control of the Nile.
Western intelligence sources said the military command has urged President Mohammed Morsi for a buildup meant to block any attempt to divert the Nile. They said the military envisioned a crisis with Ethiopia that could threaten water supplies to Egypt and Sudan.
“For the Egyptian military and government, this is perhaps the most burning security issue today,” a source said.
The sources said Morsi has sought to form a military alliance with Sudan to prevent Ethiopia from constructing a dam along the Nile. The Renaissance Dam was meant to draw 84 billion cubic meters of water from the Nile, sufficient for hydroelectric power.
“The military has been preparing for the prospect that air strikes would be ordered to stop construction or simply destroy the Ethiopian dam,” the source said.
Egypt, which receives 60 percent of the river’s water, has insisted on preferential rights to the Nile. The sources said the Morsi regime was expected to issue a stark warning to Addis Ababa during its next session of the Egyptian-Sudanese-Ethiopian technical committee in late May 2013. The Nile is shared by 10 countries.
“Certain measures have to be followed to make sure that Ethiopia gets the water necessary for storage in the dam in line with Egypt’s consent and needs,” an Egyptian official told the state-owned Al Ahram daily on April 18.
The sources said Egyptian military planning was based on the delivery of the new F-16 Block 52 multi-role fighter from the United States. They said the Egyptian Air Force, expected to receive 20 such aircraft in 2013, has determined that the latest F-16 variant, which included extended fuel tanks, would enable an attack on the Ethiopian dam.
Egypt has determined that the Renaissance Dam would comprise a loss of between eight and 18 million cubic meters per year. The sources said Cairo has repeatedly warned the United States of the danger of the Ethiopian project.
“The U.S. input here is crucial, because its aircraft would be used for any military operation against Ethiopia,” the source said.


Egypt Struggles to Reclaim Role In Africa - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East


Egypt Struggles to Reclaim
Role In Africa

Egypt's President Mohammed Morsi (2nd R) meets with Somalia's President Sheikh Sharif Ahmed (3rd R) during the African Union leaders' meeting in Addis Ababa, July 16, 2012. (photo by REUTERS/Mohamed Abd El Mouty/Egyptian Presidency)
  
  


By: Abdelrahman Youssef for Al-Monitor Posted on April 23.
Egypt’s diplomacy has noticeably focused on African affairs during the past month, an unprecedented development in the nine months since President Mohammed Morsi came to power. It represents an exceedingly important turn of events as it relates to two main arteries providing Egypt with life. The first is the Nile river, without which Egypt would not exist, and around the basin of which other countries thrive. The second is the Suez Canal, Egypt’s largest source of national income, itself tightly linked to the Bab el-Mandeb strait and Somalia’s coast.

About This Article

Summary :
As tensions heat up between Egypt and Ethiopia regarding a major Ethiopian dam on the Nile, Egypt is seeking to reassert itself, writes Abdelrahman Youssef.
Original Title:
Egypt and African National Security
Author: Abdelrahman YoussefTranslated by: Kamal Fayad
Categories : Originals  Egypt  Security
The intense diplomatic activity in this regard saw Prime Minister Hesham Kandil visit South Sudan, while Morsi visited the north and Foreign Minister Mohammed Kamel Amr went to Somalia to inaugurate the opening of the Egyptian Embassy in Mogadishu following its move there from the Kenyan capital, Nairobi. In parallel, a delegation of Somalia’s Muslim Brotherhood visited the Egyptian Brotherhood’s Supreme Guide Mohammed Badie in Cairo.
Dr. Hamdi Abdel Rahman, a professor of political science and African studies, analyzed this shift for Al-Monitor, saying that the Egyptian regime’s current moves came late, especially considering the ongoing geo-strategic changes that Western nations are striving to impose in East Africa and the Nile Basin. The reasons for these changes have to do with combating so-called Islamic fundamentalist forces in Africa, as well as other issues relating to petroleum and the fight against the ever-increasing Chinese influence in the region.
Furthermore, the secession of South Sudan and other regional arrangements concerning Somalia have posed risks for Egypt while bolstering the strategic importance of non-Arab regional countries such as Ethiopia and Kenya. In this regard, Abdel Rahman cited Ethiopia’s insistence on adopting a dam-building strategy and moving ahead with the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, as well as becoming a signatory to the Nile Basin Initiative adopted in Entebbe. Ethiopia signed this initiative despite Egyptian objections to such an agreement, which allows countries upstream of the Nile to build water projects and dams without deference to the downstream countries Egypt and Sudan. This threatens these two countries’ historical Nile water quotas as prescribed in the 1959 agreement, which gives Egypt a share estimated to total 55 billion cubic meters of water annually.
Dr. Hani Raslan, head of the Sudan and Nile Basin Studies program at the Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, said that Egypt’s crisis in the Nile Basin was caused by an imbalance of power in the region resulting from Egypt’s waning influence in its traditional areas in the Horn of Africa and Sudan. This is especially true considering that Ethiopia, the major player in the Nile Basin region, has been trying to evolve from an important country to one that dominates the Nile Basin and the Horn of Africa.
Raslan considered the latest African moves undertaken by the Egyptian regime to be “doomed to fail,” as can be seen in South Sudan’s desire to sign the Entebbe Convention despite talk about it signing understandings and entering into cooperative endeavors with Egypt. He also characterized Morsi’s visit to Sudan as “meant for mutual political exploitation” between himself and Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir, while the announced results did not reflect the reality on the ground.
A journalist and researcher specializing in African affairs, Aya Aman, told Al-Monitor that so far, these visits had not led to any positive developments. She considered Morsi’s recent visit to Sudan as having reignited the controversy concerning the disputed Halayeb Triangle border area.
Aman said that none of the committees announced by Bashir have held any meetings until now, and none of the promises made during the visit have been fulfilled. Meanwhile, most commercial endeavors were of a personal and individual nature on the part of certain businessmen.
Aman continued to say that the apparent good relationship with Sudan was not beneficial to Egypt in the Nile Basin affair, and that Egypt’s position grew increasingly worse in that regard, as evidenced by the failure of the joint Nile Water Technical Committee to meet for the past year. This signifies the existence of undeclared differences in opinion between Egypt and Sudan.
Aman also indicated that Kandil’s visit to South Sudan did not yield the results desired by Egypt. For South Sudan — despite signing three recent agreements with Egypt relating to an Egyptian grant valued at $26.6 billion first discussed in 2006 — has clearly shown that it intended to sign the Entebbe Convention. Meanwhile, Juba has hinted that not one Egyptian businessman had taken steps to implement any of the projects prescribed in the agreements signed last month.
Aman ruled out the possibility of Egypt resorting to military action against Ethiopia, despite the grave threats posed by the latter in diverting the Blue Nile’s waters and moving forward in building the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. This is because, among other factors, Egypt’s internal situation is weak, and Ethiopia has emerged as an African superpower. In addition, the Ethiopian people had rallied in support of the dam project despite the fact that their prime minister and strongman, Meles Zenawi, had passed away. Furthermore, five African nations have endorsed the agreement which permits the building of the dam, and consider that Egypt’s participation in its building would guarantee that it have a say in its use, thus safeguarding Egyptian interests.
Regarding Somalia and the Horn of Africa, Abdul Rahman opined that Amr’s visit was part of a public-relations campaign, and that Somalia’s fate was drawn not by Egypt, but by Western powers with the participation of regional players such as Kenya, Ethiopia and Uganda. He thought that the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood playing host to members of the Somali Brotherhood “was aimed at establishing popular relations with some of the influential Islamic factions in Somalia.”
Raslan, on the other hand, considered the visit to be “intended to give the impression that Egypt was returning to play its role in the Horn of Africa,” while pointing out that the Brotherhood in Egypt sees itself as the leader of Islamist movements throughout the world, and as such, communicating with the Somali Brotherhood would give Egypt a certain advantage there.
But he felt that the Brotherhood’s attempt to recover its influence through that avenue was “wrong and dangerous, because Somalia is a failed state that lacks a central government, where different factions, including al-Qaeda, vie for power. It therefore was not prudent to open dialogue with one of those factions while ignoring the remaining components of Somali society.” He warned that “the proper way for Egypt to recover its influence in Somalia is through national and state relations, as opposed to ideological ones.”
For her part, Aman said that Egypt’s recognition of a new government in Somalia was an attempt to restore internal security to that country. She felt that the Brotherhood playing a role in African affairs might be feasible in West Africa, but that it would be detrimental to Egyptian interests in East Africa as a result of the prevalence of Islamophobia in countries of a Christian-majority region. The focus of relations in that region must therefore remain diplomatic.
Aman stressed the fact that Egypt’s efforts could be successful only if it revives its role in the Arab League by adopting common Arab policies meant to restore security and development to Somalia, especially considering that the latter is an Arab state. She explained that such a role would serve as a counterbalance to Ethiopia, the most influential nation in the African Union, which it exploits to further its influence in Somali affairs.
Abdelrahman Youssef is an Egyptian journalist specializing in religious issues and political affairs. He has written for a number of Egyptian publications, including Al-Shorouk, Al-Youm Al-Sabe'a, Al-Watan, Egypt Independent and Egypt Daily News, as well as for news organizations outside of Egypt such as the Lebanese Al-Akhbar and Reuters.


Read more: http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/04/egypt-africa-role-tensions-ethiopia.html#ixzz2RScTb9uJ

The Nile: There Won’t Be Enough for Everybody | The Oxonian Globalist

Is the post-revolution change in Egyptian leadership bringing about a shift in foreign policy towards the nations of the Nile Basin?
The Disputed Nile: Will the region share water or bloodshed? Photo by the Normal B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library via Flickr.
The Disputed Nile: Will the region share water or bloodshed? Photo by the Normal B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library via Flickr.
The Nile River is a resource strained to its limits on both sides of the equation – supply and demand. On the supply side, climate change trends and the rising temperatures around the globe are increasing water loss due to evaporation. The demand side, if anything, is less forgiving. The population of the three largest nations through which the Nile River flows is expected to reach 250 million by 2015. This will increase demand for fresh water needed for agriculture, industry and public consumption. These needs are also increasing as economic growth increases prosperity and citizens demand more of everything.
As the supply of water declines and demand increases, the resulting water shortages will exacerbate the region’s already dire humanitarian conditions and could lead to conflict, which could adversely affect the flow of oil through the Red Sea and in turn the global economy. One need not look back far to observe how differences of opinion over rights to water may lead to conflict: in 1964, the Israeli army struck an Arab project meant to divert water from the Sea of Galilee when it challenged a similar Israeli project. In fact, tensions over access to water in the region may well have been one of the causes of the 1967 war.
The war machine
The drums of war beat louder as Ethiopia, the source of 85% of the Nile River water, and the other signatories to the new Nile River water sharing agreement are adamant to use the Nile River for economic development. They wish to usher their citizens towards greater prosperity.  Meanwhile, Egypt, a nation almost entirely reliant on the Nile River for its fresh water, is determined to protect its historic rights to the bulk of the river water in order to advance its citizens’ prosperity.
Egypt has always responded with threats of military intervention if interference with the flow of the Nile affected the amount of water that reached Egyptian borders. In 1980 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat said in response to Ethiopian complaints of Egyptian water exploitation that “if Ethiopia takes any action to block our right to Nile water, there will be no alternative for us but to use force. Tampering with a nation’s rights to water is tampering with its life”.
In 1990, Israeli engineers were discovered investigating the feasibility of constructing three dams in Ethiopia. Egypt’s deputy prime minister for foreign affairs, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, warned that any obstruction of the flow of water reaching Egypt would be considered an act of war. Mubarak and his successive governments were not in any way more forgiving than their predecessors; as recently as 2010, he demanded veto rights on any projects in Nile Basin countries that might affect Egypt’s share of the water.
Ripples of change
Threats of war aside, pre-Arab Spring Egyptian foreign policy towards the Nile Basin nations was always one of neglect when compared to Egypt’s generally cooperative relationships with its other neighbours. One look at levels of trade, for example, would show that the value of Egypt’s trade with the 11 Nile Basin nations was approximately US$500 million (£310 million) from 2005 to 2008, compared with almost US$700 million (£434 million) in trade with Israel and Libya alone, its neighbours to the east and west respectively.
This is surprising given the tremendous opportunities that Nile Basin nations offer as trade partners for Egypt. During the Nasser years, Egypt invested heavily in cultivating strong trade relationships with the nations of the Nile Basin with a view towards increasing its soft power in the region. In the absence of strong trade, Egypt’s relationship with the nations with which it shares the Nile has been defined by conflict over sharing the river’s water.
However, since the fall of the Mubarak regime in February 2011, Egypt’s approach towards Nile Basin nations has taken a turn for the better with the announcement of the resetting of relations with Ethiopia, its leading adversary in the restructuring of the water sharing agreements of the Nile River. Egypt has also been sending representatives on diplomatic missions to all the nations of the Nile Basin the name of cooperation and mutual development. In a public initiative, Egyptian presidential candidates, representatives of political parties and numerous public figures visited Uganda and Ethiopia to discuss the new water sharing agreement. Shortly after, Egypt’s interim prime minister took the same journey and managed to gather consensus on the formation of a committee of Egyptian, Sudanese and Ethiopian experts to assess the effects of Ethiopia’s new dam on the flow of water to Egypt and Sudan.
This surge of interest in cultivating stronger relationships with the nations of the Nile Basin is likely the result of Egypt feeling vulnerable in a post-Mubarak world. Mubarak’s policy towards the Nile was clear: there was to be no compromise or change. This is not surprising given his domestic policy. However, without Egypt’s so-called “paternal” leader to make decisions on its behalf, soft power and cooperation seem to be the way forward. This is a good sign. As water becomes scarcer, mutually beneficial agreements to better manage the Nile’s water are necessary: without a shared vision, armed conflict would be inevitable.

Friday, April 19, 2013

Eritrea supports Egypt’s position over Nile water dispute - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan

April 18, 2013 (ADDIS ABABA) – The Eritrean government said this week that it supports Egypt’s stance over a colonial-era treaty that granted Egypt a right to utilise the lions share of Nile river’s water resources.
The Red Sea nation expressed its support in a message sent from the Eritrean president and delivered to Egypt’s president by Eritrean Foreign Minister Osman Saleh and Presidential Adviser for Political Affairs, Yemane Gebreab.
The Egyptian president, Mohamed Morsi, has highly welcomed Eritrea’s position towards Egypt’s "historic rights" over the sharing of the water of the Nile River.
Morsi said that he looks forward to meeting his Eritrean counterpart.
Although Ethiopia is the source of 85% of the Nile’s water, downriver countries, Egypt and Sudan, use 51 billion and 18 billion square meters a year respectively, around 90% of the Nile’s resources.
In April 2010, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania signed a new agreement in Entebbe, Uganda, to overturn a colonial-era treaty seeking a more reasonable and equitable utilisation of the river.
The deal was approved after Burundi later signed the agreement and joined the group in March 2011.
Newly-independent South Sudan has not yet signed the Cooperative Framework Agreement but it has also rejected the 1959 Nile water agreements between Sudan and Egypt.
Downstream countries of Egypt and Sudan have, however, dismissed the deal, saying the agreement is insignificant because it did not include all Nile basin countries.
Egypt has in the past warned against construction of further dams along the Blue or White Nile’s.
One year after the Cooperative Framework Agreement was signed; Ethiopia launched the construction of a massive $4.8 billion dam on the Blue Nile River raising protests from Sudan and Egypt that the dam - Africa’s biggest - would reduce the flow of the water to their territories.
Currently a tripartite committee, which is composed of six experts drawn from Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan, and four more international experts are assessing the impacts of the project.
The team is expected to announce the final findings and conclusions in May 2013.

Thursday, April 18, 2013

Egypt worried over potential negative impact of Ethiopian Dam - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online


A report on the effects of the Ethiopian mega dam on Egypt’s water safety is to be issued late May, government official says
Dina Ezzat , Thursday 18 Apr 2013
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A young girl looking at flowing tap water in Egypt. (Photo by Reuters)
A young girl looking at flowing tap water in Egypt. (Photo by Reuters)





An Egyptian government official said a technical report on the impact of the new Ethiopian mega dam, currently under construction, will reveal the need for Addis Ababa to attend to safety and environmental concerns at the construction process.
The report will also reveal concerns of potential negative influence on Egypt’s share of the Nile Water "depending on the mechanism and time of water storage behind the dam," the government official added.
The report will be issued at the end of the 6th session of a joint Egyptian-Sudanese-Ethiopian technical committee in late May. The committee has been meeting for almost two years to examine the plan of construction for the Renaissance Dam, which Ethiopia had started building with the intention of storing 84 billion cubic meters of water. The water stored will then generate electricity sufficient for its advanced use and for exports to neighbouring countries, not excluding Egypt.
The report, according to the same government official, is not suggesting that the Renaissance Dam will drive Egypt into "water starvation but it is certainly saying that certain measures have to be followed to make sure that Ethiopia gets the water necessary for storage in the dam in line with Egypt’s consent and needs."
Planning of Nile dam
Originally conceptualised in the early 1960s by an American-African team of irrigation engineers to deconstruct the High Dam project, championed at the time by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the Renaissance Dam was baptised in the original blueprint as the Border Dam. It was one of four dams the American-African team said could be built over the Blue Nile, which provides Egypt about 60 percent of its annual over 55 million cubic metres of Nile waters.
A few years ago, Ethiopia decided to embark on the project with a mega international fund and to the contest of Egypt, which is considered the poorest in individual shares of Nile waters. According to national and international records, an individual’s share of water in Egypt is somewhere around 625 cubic metres, which is below the safe average of 1,000 cubic metres. Multiple water recycling projects, adopted during the past twenty years, have aided Egypt in making ends meet.
Ethiopia is one of the nine Basin countries (now ten with the two-year old independence of South Sudan) that have failed through a century to regulate differences over the shares of the Nile water with low stream countries, including Egypt and Sudan. Ethiopia, however, argues that it deserves a bigger share of the course water than the upstream countries, given the latter's large share of rain waters.
As of 1902, there have been over ten agreements on the uses of Nile water, including the 1959 agreement that specified the exact share of Egypt. The bulk of these agreements specify that no dams or other irrigation projects should be built on the Nile without prior notification to all the Basin states. This is a precondition consistent with international law and with the applied regulations adopted by the basin states of other rivers.
Egypt had in 1999 agreed to join the other Nile Basin countries in a negotiation process that would address the demands of the upstream countries essentially. Egypt prescribed two things in the course of the process: (1) to reduce water losses, which is estimated in millions of cubic metres – some studies indicate that the loss is more than all of Egypt’s annual share – but requires billions of dollars to do the job, and (2) to pursue less costly projects to improve the quality of usage of the upstream countries of the water resources it has – not excluding the rich rain waters.
In 2010, both Egypt and Sudan, the latter still untied, suspended their participation in the talks over failure to define the terms of agreement for building irrigation projects over the Nile. The fate of this process is still undecided with both Cairo and Khartoum insisting on a position of full consensus of all Basin countries ahead of the construction of any dams on the Nile.
Egypt and Nile waters – further cooperation
The issue of the Renaissance Dam, however, is a matter that strictly affects Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia given that it is these three countries that overlook the Blue Nile.
Egyptian officials assess, in goodwill, the matter could be regulated with minimum influence on the annual Egyptian share.
In a seminar earlier in the week, Mohamed Nasseredine Allam, former minister for water resources, said that the Egyptian annual loss could go up to 18 million cubic metres.
However, concerned government officials tell Ahram Online it could be significantly less – the highest figure offered by an official was around 8 million cubic metres. "And the loss could be compensated for if we actively pursue better water resources management in Egypt, and if the Nile Basin countries collectively pursue projects to reduce the volume of the Nile water loss."
Most of the Nile water losses that could be easily spared will require intensified cooperation with South Sudan – something that Egyptian officials say is being carefully pursued.